The Moral Rules Of Statistics - 957 Words

The act of statistics has a few moral issues correlated with it that should be managed by statistical analysts. While it is generally disputed that religion does not assume a part in the act of statistics, a Christian perspective and Christian standards can pertain to the moral circumstances that emerge. Truth be told, this has been the center of a few conversations as well as insightful articles. The motive for this paper is to examine the moral rules that I find significant, how the insightful articles that speak on this issue have influenced my own choice making in regards to statistics and morals, how the moral issues brought up in statistics can be tended to utilizing a Christian perspective, and to figure out what direction and standards from a Christian point of view can be connected to the moral issues brought up in conjunction with statistics. The academic articles that have been looked into on this subject have offered various moral principles to be followed in tending to the moral issues that emerge in the act of statistics. The moral principle from the articles that I, for one, find most relevant is maintaining integrity by being honest and objective (Ostapski and Superville, 2001). I trust that this rule has a considerable measure to do with character in light of the fact that keeping in mind the end goal to be straightforward you need to have the character to need to do both of those things?. In the bible, i is said that The expression of God is living andShow MoreRelatedThe Principles Of Business Ethics1283 Words   |  6 PagesBusiness ethics administers the conduct that relate to what is right and what is not. They refer to moral standards that guide the way a business conducts its activities (Casestudies, 2015). The same rule that determines a person’s activities also applies to business. 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Academic institutions continue to develop new ways to prevent cheating from happening; while at the same time cheaters come up with even better ways to cheat. This conflict brings up many moral issues as well. To settle these issues, academic institutions create honor codes that show students that cheating is unacceptable and morally wrong; however, some students come up with their own reasons for getting around that code. As one studentRead MoreSinger s Proposal Of Effective Altruism904 Words   |  4 Pagessimilarities to the paramount utilitarian idea of the greatest happiness principle; the principle states that â€Å"actions are right in proportion as they tend to promote happiness, wrong as they tend to promote the reverse of happiness†; an action is moral in the sense that it increases the total amount of utility in the world. Utility is pleasure itself, the absence of pain. Singer, in the beginning of his lecture, displays a disturbing video to introduce the various ethical obligations we have towards

Ophelias Flowers Free Essays

ENG 4U January 14, 2012 Ophelia and her Flowers Flowers; there expected to be over 10 000 different species of this aesthetic plant, and each can have a different meaning. In the play Hamlet, Ophelia, a girl raised by obedience and manipulation, uses these flowers in a fit of madness and their archetypal meanings to express her thoughts, feelings, and hopes towards her once thought as lover, Hamlet. As the play goes on, you can see that more is revealed in her relationship with Hamlet, and that Ophelia isn’t as innocent and virtuous as she portrays. We will write a custom essay sample on Ophelias Flowers or any similar topic only for you Order Now To begin, in a fit of madness Ophelia begins to give flowers with embedded meanings to recipients who seem most fitting. She states, There’s rosemary, that’s for remembrance. Pray you, love, Remember. And there is pansies, that’s for thoughts. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. There’s fennel for you, and columbines. There’s rue for you, and here’s some for me. We may call it herb of grace o’ Sundays. O, you must wear your rue with a difference! There’s a daisy. I would give you some violets, but they wither’d all when my father died. They say he made a good end. (Hamlet IV, v, 199-209) I believe that she gave the rosemary to Hamlet. Rosemary is associated with remembrance between two lovers, (Stabler, 2000) which was once the relationship she believed that they had. She may use this in hope that he has not forgotten about her. Whether or not Hamlet was deceiving her, he definitely once made Ophelia believe that he loved her, and he even states. â€Å"I did love you once. †(Hamlet III,i. 126) What made Hamlet lose his feelings for Ophelia? Of perhaps they were never there. Ophelia spends a life time of obeying her male-counterparts. They constantly manipulated her into doing or thinking things that were not of character. For example, she never once thought twice about spying on Hamlet for her father, or doing every single small task he asked her to do, or answering each personal question he asked. Who is to say that Hamlet was not manipulating her and taking advantage of her for her body? After going mad, Ophelia can confirm this accusation when she sings. By Gis and by Saint Charity, Alack, and fie for shame! Young men will do’t if they come to’t By Cock, they are to blame. Quoth she, ‘Before you tumbled me, You promis’d me to wed. ‘ He answers: ‘So would I ‘a’ done, by yonder sun, An thou hadst not come to my bed. ‘ (Hamlet IV, v. 63-71) This song reveals a lot about Ophelia and Hamlet’s relationship. Firstly, â€Å"Before you tumbled me,/ You promis’d me to wed† (Hamlet IV, v. 67-68) reveals that she asked that before he got her into bed, he would promise to marry her. This not only reveals that they have engaged in sexual relations, but it also means that he promised to marry her. He answered, however, â€Å"’So would I ‘a’ done, by yonder sun,/ An thou hadst not come to my bed. ‘† (Hamlet IV, v. 70-71) This means that he would have married her, but only if she hadn’t slept with him. (Epstein, 2005) By manipulating Ophelia, Hamlet gets what he wants. Afterwards, Ophelia is left a broken woman with nowhere to go. Hamlet unfairly treats the mislead Ophelia after his promises of love by calling her a whore, when he says, â€Å"That’s a fair thought to lie between a maids’ legs† (Hamlet III, ii. 125) he also demands that she should â€Å"Get thee to a nunnery† (Hamlet. III, I, 131) which is referring her to a common day whorehouse. His mistreatment of Ophelia may have led to her suicide or her accidental death by drowning. It is almost ironic that Ophelia would have her life ended by water, for water is the source of life and sustenance. Unless Shakespeare was trying to represent that Ophelia was now purified by said water, and in death she could finally be happy. It would also be seen that Ophelia would give the violets to Hamlet as well. â€Å"I would give you some violets, but they wither’d all when my father/ died. They say he made a good end. † (Hamlet IV, v, 207-209) Violets represent faithfulness in relationships; (Stabler, 2000) it is likely that she is saying that when her father died, her faithfulness towards Hamlet was now non-existent. This kind of behaviour can be justified because Ophelia is put in a horrible situation. Her conflicting loyalties to her father, and her belief of love with the unapproved Hamlet tore her apart undoubtedly. Now, what kind of position could you put yourself in if your boyfriend killed your father? Respectively, Ophelia begins to sing of death because her world is shattered due to her loss, and her conflicting ideas would more than likely influence her losing her sanity. In conclusion, it can be seen that the archetypal meanings of Ophelia’s flowers can lead to the true meaning of hers and Hamlet’s relationship. Assuming that she wanted Hamlet to have the rosemary and violets, she presented the idea of remembrance of their love, but also the fact that she no longer wanted to be a part of it. This is a huge step for Ophelia because for once, she made her own decision and this would be the peak of her character development. Of course, this triumph over her personal issues is short lived, because soon after she commits suicide in a stream. This could symbolize her purification and release of any words of harm put against her. ? Works Cited Epstein, Alex. â€Å"By The Way, Ophelia Is Pregnant. † Craftyscreenwriting. com. Crafty Screenwriting, 2005. Web. 14 Jan. 2012. Shakespeare, William, Barbara A. Mowat, and Paul Werstine. The Tragedy of Hamlet, Prince of Denmark. New York: Washington Square, 2002. Print. Stabler, Sarah. â€Å"Hamlet; The Symbolism in Flowers. † Homewood City Schools Board of Education. HCSBE, 12 Dec. 2000. Web. 17 Jan. 2012. How to cite Ophelias Flowers, Papers

Essay Modern Business Tools Data Mining and Data Warehousing Essay Example For Students

Essay Modern Business Tools: Data Mining and Data Warehousing Essay Data mining and Data warehousing are used daily in a wide variety of contexts. In today’s corporate world, decisions must be made rapidly and with the maximum amount of knowledge. Data warehousing is the process in which data from multiple sources is combined and stored in one common database (Gutierrez). The fundamental concept of data warehousing is the distinction between data and information. Data is observable and recordable facts but only comes to have value when it is presented as information. Data warehousing begins with the information acquired from source databases such as transactional and operational systems. This information is then transformed, organized further and loaded into a central depository. Some data warehousing techniques and tools including data warehouse appliances, platforms, architectures, data stores (Data Warehousing, n.d.). A data warehouse appliance is a combination hardware and software product that is designed for analytical processing. Data warehousing includes retrieving data, analyzing, extracting, loading, transforming and managing the data. In the Figure 1.1, its shows the process for data mining and data warehousing. Figure 1.1 The structure of a data warehouse can be simple data sources going directly into a warehouse, which then is directly visible by the users, to data sources being filed through a staging area before going into the warehouse, and then being categorized for the viewing of the users by the usage of data marts. A staging area is the component data must run through before being gathered in the warehouse. In the staging area, the data is simplified before it is deposited into the warehouse. Since there may be so much data stored in a warehouse. .n the deployment phase, insight and usable information can be derived from data. Deployment can involve the integration of data mining models within applications, data warehouse infrastructure, or query and reporting tools. There is so much stored digital data in the world today, but we are starving for knowledge. The process’ of data warehousing and data mining brings a lot of benefits to businesses, society, governments as well as individuals. There are many everyday business uses of data warehousing and data mining and particular tools available. In the future, companies need to evaluate the costs associated with data warehousing and data mining and the resources needed along with any other considerations. For now, data warehousing and data mining technology will continue to bring profits to businesses that choose to utilize the technology.

NIKE †Channel conflict

Executive summary NIKE Company that deals in the designing and manufacture of sportswear sports items evolved from the BRS Company, which was established in 1964 by Phil Knight. He decided to establish the company after recognizing that the U.S. market was too much dependant on imported footwear items.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on NIKE – Channel conflict specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Since then, the company has grown to become a global market leader in supplying sports shoes to its customers. Despite of its wonderful growth, the company experienced channel conflict when it decided to launch its products to be available for online retail in 1999. This channel conflict was mainly due to the clashing objectives of the channel members, its traditional channel members declined to keep pace with the changing times, and channel members failed to accomplish their obligations. This led to negative impacts on the effectiveness of the channel, reduced partner loyalty to principals, and erosion of customer satisfaction. Therefore, to avoid undesirable outcomes, the problem can be addressed adequately by engaging the services of an external consultant to come up with a number of proposed solutions that can benefit the organization in the long run. The success of the proposed solutions can be evaluated through analyzing the behavioral performance of the channels and distinguishing forewarning signs of unacceptable performance within the channels. Introduction In 1964, Phil Knight, a Stanford MBA student, started the BRS (Blue Ribbon Sports) Company with the intention of manufacturing high-quality shoes for the people in America. He recognized that the U.S. market was too much dependant on footwear imports; therefore, he started trading in these imported shoes. Eventually, the company evolved into NIKE. Over the next thirty-five years, the company expanded tremendously. Its fast growth was ba sed on a consistent and a logical strategy: â€Å"to capitalize on the importance of sports in people’s lives and to be identified with competition and victory in consumer minds† (Stanford University, 2000, p. 1).Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Situated in Oregon, NIKE, was distinguishing itself as an outstanding apparel company that aimed at fulfilling the varied needs and requirements of its customers throughout the whole world. The company embraced internal collegiality and outward competitiveness in its organization culture. This initiative was largely due to the contribution of his founder, Phil Knight. Headquartered in Beaverton, Oregon, NIKE, was distinguishing itself as an outstanding apparel company that aimed at fulfilling the varied needs and requirements of its customers throughout the whole world. The company embraced internal collegiality and out ward competitiveness in its organization culture. This initiative was largely due to the contribution of his founder, Phil Knight. The company’s marketing strategy focuses on portraying it as a premium-brand that trades in stylish and luxurious sports equipment. It attracts it worldwide clients by embracing a marketing strategy based on its brand image. This is realized by having a distinguishing logo as well as the advertising slogan: â€Å"Just do it,† and it lures customers to purchase its sports equipment by establishing long-term relationships with mega stars such as Michael Jordan and Tiger Woods, and other distinguished teams around the world. In addition, its marketing mix consists of advertising, sponsoring sports events, and sponsoring celebrity athletes to use their products. Besides the controversies that surrounded its advertising campaigns, the company has proved that it is highly focused since it has paid more attention on building core corporate functio ns and expanding to other newer markets around the world. Problem Diagnosis Similar to other consumer products, the trade in sports equipment attracted several business persons who wanted to engage in ecommerce. Therefore, they wanted to make adequate use of the available opportunity in order to benefit from the advance in technology. Nike was not left behind in this new development. Originally, the nike.com website was established in late 1996 for the sole purpose of interacting with NIKE clients; there were no intentions of starting internet trading. However, in the following years, the company’s internet strategy transformed drastically. By early 1999, the company started to engage in e-commerce by launching some of its test products online and by the mid of the same year, the company had entered full-scale in e-commerce. However, as the year drew to a close, the company found itself at crossroads concerning the ambitious e-commerce initiative that it had launched at the b eginning of the year.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on NIKE – Channel conflict specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The company was experiencing a severe crisis of inequitable channel relationships that resulted in channel conflict (Lamb et al., 2009).The members within its distribution network were not agreeing in goals and methods to use for them to reach the global network of NIKE’s customers (Cullorta, Lynn, n.d.) This situation that faced the designer and manufacturer of sports equipment resulted when its traditional channel members declined to keep pace with the changing times. The advent of e-commerce had forced NIKE to make some of its products available online. The destructive horizontal channel conflict that nike.com was facing can be attributed to a variety of conditions and factors. Usually, the crisis is seen when the different channel members have clashing objectives. For instance, in thi s case, the online retailers wanted to reach as many consumers as possible with the products they were advertising on their websites. However, they were not paying attention whether the products are manufactured by NIKE or its ardent competitors. Nevertheless, Mary Kate Buckley, the general manager of nike.com, wanted the company to realize a targeted sales volume and market share within each market segment. As a result of coming up with an online strategy, NIKE embraced e-commerce which has made its chain of business relationships with other traditional retailers to scramble and become confused. Part of the reason why NOKIA is experiencing this problem can be traced to the overproduction of its products (Dahui et al., 2006; Rosenberg Stern, 1970). As the company invents newer versions of its sports equipment and transforms its marketing trend, channel clash is an inevitable consequence. Channel conflict arises when individual channel members do not accomplish their obligations so as to meet the expectations of other channel members (Hardy Magrath, 1989). For instance, some athletic footwear retailers were not abiding by the rules established by NIKE. Consequently, the quality of NIKE products was not adequately meeting the requirements of its customers. In some other situations, there was communication breakdown between the channel members, which hindered the viability of the distribution network.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Even though some minimal levels of horizontal channel conflict is beneficial for an organization, when it is managed adequately, if this problem that NIKE is facing is not sufficiently addressed, it can lead to a number undesirable outcomes (Bucklin et al., 1997; Shavit, 2007). This problem can lead to severe negative impacts on the effectiveness of the channel (Hopkinson, 1997). The different channel partners and principals’ proceeds can also feel the pinch of this problem. These undesirable outcomes may make channel partners to stir up. When the conflict is very much pronounced, it can result in reduced partner loyalty to principals. Since in this case, the delicate balance between market coverage and conflict has been lost, the resulting undesirable conflict is able to erode the satisfaction of the customers concerning the products of NIKE. This is because clients will begin experiencing unnecessary purchasing costs in a situation when they are compelled to deal with mult iple channels which are providing basically similar solutions concerning sales solutions, and as the competing channels commence on concentrating on simple methods of winning sales in a conflict situation, they would ignore other important obligations. If the problem is not addressed sufficiently, it can back into the organization. Therefore, it can begin to affect some internal measures of operating effectiveness and the ultimate success of nike.com. In a situation in which a clash affects a direct sales force resulting in decreased productivity, an organization can experience increased management costs since the sales managers will be compelled to manage by exception and their will be increased turnover since the sales representatives will start reacting to conflict (Goldkuhl, 2007). To solve this problem amicably, NIKE needs to engage the services of an external consultant. This is because the consultant will be compensated only for the work or time taken when solving the problem . This will reduce the expenses of the company since it will not have to cater for other benefits that employees enjoy such as sick leave and paid holidays. Since the consultant will not be an employee of NIKE per se, the contract can be ended any time without dire consequences like facing the feared Employment Tribunal. More so, since the consultant has adequate expertise in solving channel conflict issues, he or she will be better placed to handle the situation as compared to an ordinary employee of the company. Proposed solution for the client After discovering that destructive channel conflict poses a potential threat to the existence of NIKE, the next question appertains to the solutions that can be implemented to avert the disaster from taking place. However, before the solutions can be implemented, NIKE must take drastic action to identify which particular conflicts poses a threat to its online retailing business. This involves identifying if the channels are actually making efforts to serve the interests of its customers, and distinguishing whether the channels are in conflict or they are deriving benefits from one another (Hopkinson, 1997; Lynn Kaarst, 1999). Others are identifying the exact cause of reduction in profits since poor operations in a channel can also be a factor, and lastly assessing if the decline in one channel is able reduce its overall proceeds. Distinguishing whether channels are in conflict is important because in some situations they assist in expanding product usage or building the company’s corporate brand image. For example, NIKE’s creation of NIKETown superstores is a forward-integrated strategy, which has improved its brand awareness and reputation. Therefore, it has made the organization to have increased control over its brand image which took a lot of time and considerable effort to build. Despite the fact that the rivalry superstores initially drew back, the advent of the new store increased the returns of the company almost in every channel that it was established in. After identifying the channels that threatens its existence, NIKE will be able to distinguish the dangerous channel conflicts and adopt appropriate solutions in order to avert the possibility of a channel disaster (Eliashberg Michie, 1984; Digital River Inc., 2000). In this instance, proposed solutions include redesigning the channel structure so as to concentrate on the sports equipment being sold and the varied client needs, instituting equally agreeable and focused business objectives with the channel partners, establishing effective communication within the channels, and developing particular channel products that are not easily accessible to other channels. These proposed solutions will ultimately benefit NIKE. This is because they will ensure that its specific client’s requirements within particular channels are met, partner agreements are as clear as possible hence avoiding unnecessary clashes, and all pa rtners will be included in all the business-planning events (Lee, Lee, Larsen, 2003; Rosenbusch, 2008.). In achieving the desired outcomes, the challenges that can be experienced include, but not limited to, and some partners may be unwilling to give up the practice of discounting, some sales representatives may not be happy of the changes due to the benefits they have been getting. Additionally, some customers may have been accustomed to particular channels; therefore, the change may not go well with them. The implementation plan for these proposed solutions is scalable and flexible since it is long enough for NIKE’s clients to react positively but also short enough in order to establish some client urgency. This involves outlining strategic actions to be undertaken, giving roles and responsibilities to different people, laying down the intended completion date, laying down the projected outcomes, and assessing the impact of the solutions to be implemented (Wheeler Hirsh, 1999). The success of the solutions can be gauged through analyzing behavioral performance by the use of appropriate role audits. In addition, the channels can be evaluated on a constant basis in order to single out forewarning signs of unacceptable performance within the channels. References Bucklin et al., 1997. Channel conflict: when it is dangerous? The McKinsey Quarterly, 1(3), pp. 1-4. Cullorta, C. Lynn, F., How to tell when channel conflict is destructive white paper. Frank Lynn Associates, Inc. Web. Dahui et al., 2006. Why Do Internet Users Stick with a Specific Web Site? A Relationship Perspective. International Journal of Electronic Commerce, 4(10): pp. 105-141. Digital River Inc., 2000. Managing Channel Conflict in the Online Environment. Digital River Inc. Web. Eliashberg, J. Michie, D. A., 1984. Multiple Business Goals Sets as Determinants of Marketing Channel Conflict: An Empirical Study. Journal of Marketing Research, 21(1): pp. 75-88. Goldkuhl, L., 2007. Multiple marketing channel conflict with a focus on the Internet : a dual perspective. Lulea: Lulea University of Technology. Hardy K. G. Magrath A. J., 1989. Dealing with cheating in distribution. European Journal of Marketing, 23(2): pp.12-4. Hopkinson, G. C., 1997. Channel conflict : critical incidents or telling tales: methodologies compared. Bradford : University of Bradford Management Centre Lamb et al., 2009. Essentials of marketing. Mason Ohio: Cengage learning. Lee, Y., Lee, Z., Larsen, K. R. T., 2003. Coping with internet channel conflict. Communications-ACM, 46 (7): pp. 137-142. Lynn, M. Kaarst B., 1999. Five symbolic roles of the external consultant – Integrating change, power and symbolism. Journal of organizational change management, 12(6), pp.540-561. Rosenbusch, J., 2008. Managing channel conflict. Education channel partner. Web. Rosenberg, L. J. Stern, W. L., 1970. Toward the Analysis of Conflict in Distribution Channels: A Descriptive Model. The Journal of Market ing, 34(4): pp.40-46. Shavit, Y., 2007. How to sell technology in the IT channel. Search IT Channel. Web. Stanford University, 2000. NIKE-Channel Conflict. Graduate School of Business, Stanford University. Web. Wheeler, S. Hirsh, E., 1999. Channel champions : How leading companies build new strategies to serve customers. San Francisco, Calif.: Jossey-Bass. This essay on NIKE – Channel conflict was written and submitted by user Sonia Sutton to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

How to Write a Management Case Study

How to Write a Management Case Study How to Write a Management Case Study There are defined steps that must be followed when you are writing a Management case study. The main components will be the facts of the case and your personal response to it from various points of view. Topic You as the candidate must choose your own topic. Candidates are advised to discuss their proposed topic within their own organization coordinate any privacy or confidentiality questions. The topic must be somehow related to the organization and their business, where they have actively demonstrated their leadership skills. It is important for your management case study to demonstrate the correlation between practice and theory. Undertaking the Study Management Case Study Proposal The proposal to your management case study should include an outline of the proposed paper: point out specific objectives, rationalize your undertaking it, your methodology and supposed outcome. The proposal should be no longer than 1,000 words. Writing your Management Case Study The written case study should consider the following: What is the reason for presenting the topic? Ensure you give this answer within its context and convey the meaning of how important resolving the problem is. How did you determine the course of action, understand, get agreement to and implement the course of action/response to the problem, communicate, and how effective was the outcome? What did you learn from this problem solving action about organization, people, management, managing change, systems, etc.? Be sure to share your views illustrated and supported by the facts of the case. What kind of research did you perform? How did you go about examining and resolving the problem. Give clear and specific detail of how you managed it to conclusion/resolution? What kind of knowledge or skills have you developed through research? It is obvious that in this section you are intended to relate your personal experience. Be sure to support what points you state with examples that prove your experience, skills development and knowledge. The structuring of your management case study Obviously. How you present your paper is vital. The complete management case study should be around 2,500 to 3,000 words (excluding references). It must be appropriately referenced to relevant literature. Be sure to use the correct format style such as Harvard or any other you are instructed to use. Declaration You must include a signed statement that the work submitted is your own and has not been submitted for any previous assessment. Submission The written Management case study will be submitted with the appropriate Cover Sheet that includes the Candidate’s name, email address, Preceptor’s name and title of the paper.

About Shakespeare Essay Example for Free

About Shakespeare Essay Essay Topic: Literature , William Shakespeare Choose cite format: APA MLA Harvard Chicago ASA IEEE AMA Hamlet (634) , Claudius (325) , Ophelia (231) , Polonius (224) , Gertrude (208) , Laertes (186) , Horatio (118) , Fortinbras (82) Haven't found the essay you want? Get your custom sample essay for only $13.90/page ? Hamlet is Shakespeare’s longest and most tragic play. It was first published in 1603, from a draft published several years earlier. The play begins two months after the death of King Hamlet of Denmark. The country is in a state of unrest. Young Fortinbras of Norway is preparing for war. After the King’s death, his brother Claudius takes over the throne, and marries the widowed Queen Gertrude. Young Hamlet, the late king’s son is incensed. He is told by the ghost of his father, that Claudius had poisoned him, to become the King of Denmark. Hamlet starts acting like a madman rousing concern. Polonius, an advisor to King Claudius is also worried by Hamlet’s strange â€Å"transformation. † The two, along with Queen Gertrude instruct Rosencrantz and Guildenstern, Hamlet’s childhood friends to spy on him. Hamlet is also increasingly hostile towards his love, Ophelia, Polonius’ daughter. Out of fear, the King orders Hamlet to be sent to England. King Claudius and Polonius both feel that Hamlet is dangerous. To ensure who the culprit was, Hamlet cleverly changes the lines in a play which is performed before the king and the queen. The King’s reaction convinces Hamlet that it was indeed he who poisoned his father. Alone, King Claudius reveals his crime, and confesses that he cannot escape divine judgment. After the play, Queen Gertrude scolds her son, but he instead scolds his mother for her wrong actions. Polonius is spying on the two, from behind a curtain. Hamlet hears Polonius, and kills him thinking he is Claudius. Anxious and scared, the king orders Hamlet to be sent to England, along with Rosencrantz and Guildenstern. The King wants Hamlet killed as soon as he arrives in England. Hamlet had the spies Rosencrantz and Guildenstern put to death instead. Meanwhile, Young Fortinbras has brought his army to Denmark. Hamlet admires Young Fortinbras, for his courage to fight for honor. The death of Polonius has a profound impact on Ophelia, who in her depression and apathy kills herself by drowning. Laertes, Polonius’ son is enraged. The king tells him that it was Hamlet who murdered Polonius. The two decide to get rid of Hamlet, their common enemy. Claudius and Laertes arrange a duel, in which Laertes will fight Hamlet. To ensure Hamlet’s death, Laertes poisons the tip of his sword. In the course of the duel, Laertes, Hamlet and the King are poisoned by the same sword. Queen Gertrude drinks a poisoned drink meant for Hamlet, and is killed. Dying, Hamlet tells Horatio to tell the world of his story and recommends Young Fortinbras the next king of Denmark. Hamlet – Prince of Denmark is a play that deals with the main subjects of honor, revenge and suicide. Hamlet is not our typical hero. Born in a royal family, he is a refined young man with noble attributes, but he has his weaknesses. After his father’s murder, he is driven mad by anger when his mother marries Claudius. His love for Ophelia too turned into a strange confusion and mix of emotions. He distrusts all those around him, and starts dwelling in a melancholy state of mind. Even those he thought were his friends turn out to be spies sent by the king and queen. This also explain Hamlets â€Å"insanity† to a great extent. But even so, Hamlet is a disturbed individual. The way he treats Ophelia is obvious evidence. He is cruel to her, in spite of her efforts to try and understand him. He is also impulsive – he kills Polonius without thinking twice. Justice and revenge form major themes of the play, with Claudius, at the Head of a country, having killed his own brother, and Hamlet, avenging his father’s death. Suicide also forms an essential theme in the play. Ophelia kills herself by drowning. Hamlet too is prompted to kill himself. † But should he, or not; â€Å"To be or not to be, that is the question. † Shakespeare portrays all the characters with great ingenuity. He analyses human psyche, and how eventually, everyone’s destiny is controlled by fate. About Shakespeare, Hamlet Study Guide, http://absoluteshakespeare. com/guides/hamlet/hamlet. htm About Shakespeare. (2017, Mar 16).

Conflict Management Theory and The Role of Manager Assignment

Conflict Management Theory and The Role of Manager - Assignment Example When people work in teams clashes of opinions are likely to occur and every manager has to deal with the conflicts in a positive way. A qualified manager can intellectually appreciate that conflicts are the necessary ingredient of a free - enterprise system( Abraham, 1965). He also should take appropriate steps to resolve the conflicts and draw meaningful implications from them. The following essay attempts to explore the role played by the manager as a leader and a mediator in resolving conflicts. The major sources of conflict in an organization are personal differences, informational deficiencies, role incompatibility and environmental stress(David and Kim, 2005). According to him, personal differences are a common source of conflicts as individuals come together to play certain defined roles in an organization. The people who form the team for the completion of a specific task come from various cultures, family traditions and extent of socialization, etc. Hence, it is very common that conflicts will arise when they work together to achieve a common objective. They differ in their perceptions about the challenges ahead of them and they also differ in their expectations about the outcomes from specified situations. When there is a mismatch between the perceptions and expectations, the situation can take a personal overtone which may be the major source of organizational conflicts. Secondly, informational deficiencies can also be a major source of conflict. There may be lapses in the information flow between various functional units or individuals. These lapses may be due to technological disabilities or psychological barriers. Technological barriers can be caused by dysfunction of technical equipment used for communication and psychological barriers can be caused by various factors such as lack of knowledge and understanding, presumptions of the person receiving the message. Next, role incompatibility is another major source of conflict. Most often this factor causes more conflicts because when it is combined with the above two factors, it causes more deep conflicts. When the team members operate with different types of people, systems, processes, and procedures and report to various team leaders, the overlapping of the roles played by the personnel can cause conflict. Lastly, environmentally induced stress caused by a change in economic conditions. Family relationships, changes in the organization, etc can be major triggers for conflicts. Especially during the times of economic slowdown as in recent times, it is very stressful for the employees. Stress due to insecurity due to change in environmental conditions can cause deep mistrust on each other and can cause teamwork more difficult. When the employees are subject to uncertainty about their job status it can cause frustration and conflicts are more certain to occur. When these types of factors influence the behavior of employees, it is the duty of the manager to take up the role of mediator and facilitator to establish smooth working relationships and achieve organizational objectives.

The Role of the Mentor In Organising, Managing And Leading Programmes Essay

The Role of the Mentor In Organising, Managing And Leading Programmes of Learning In Clinical Education - Essay Example In fact, one of the most familiar adages puts it, â€Å"Experience teaches us best.† This can be further elaborated from Kolb’s theory of experiential learning. Illustration 1: Kolb’s cycle of experiential learning (Quinn, 2000). In this theory, Kolb’s emphasised four generic adaptive abilities to reach effective learning and these involve concrete experience, reflective observation, abstract conceptualization, and active experimentation (Quinn, 2000). Furthermore, in clinical education, another important point in facilitating learning is about providing strategies for effective clinical teaching (Gaberson and Oermann, 2010). However, facilitation alone does not prove to be sufficient to ensure learning at the highest level. Supervision in learning in clinical practice is a must. Aside from facilitating the students in their learning in clinical education, mentors have the role to supervise them. This supervision is evident on the supervision cycle model o f Goldhammer and his colleagues in 1980. Regarding this supervision, it is an integral part of educator’s role (a) to initiate pre-observation stage which establishes rapport, reviews plans and discusses and rehearses changes; (b) the next stage is about educator’s actual observation of the session and taking into account noting issues for future discussion; (c) the third stage is about the analysis of the data that educator’s gathered from observation and consequently followed by strategy planning for feedbacks; (d) finally, both educator and student should initiate individual analyses and undergo plans for modification (Rose and Best, 2005). Supervision therefore is a hands-on activity that tries not only to facilitate learning, but more so... This essay stresses that managing the assessment process so that there is time for continuous feedback and identifying if the student is progressing is another important concern in student’s learning process. It is true that meting the challenges and difficulties presented to the mentors while supporting students in practice is another important area of concern. This is the bottom line of support system. This paper makes a conclusion that managing the situation if there are other concerns involved is another important move in student’s learning success. For example, enhancing the learning of students in the hospital area requires placement area analysis. This means mentors are not only there to facilitate, supervise, assess and give their support, but they should substantially consider the remarkable strengths and weaknesses of their students in their specific placement area. Mentors therefore are expected to conduct analysis and even specific forms of research. Students prior to becoming certified professionals in the clinical practice should undergo necessary learning, but they should not acquire this by themselves. They need mentors to teach, train and above all to support them prior to achieving their individual future objectives in life. Mentors therefore are expected to put their best foot forward as leaders which have substantial ability to facilitate, supervise, assess and support learning at the highest level as possible.

Dickens created Essay Example for Free

Dickens created Essay All the characters that Dickenss has labelled criminals, Toby Crackit, Mr Chitling and Kags Adress and respond to each other very sarcastically and also very aggressively, in a way that suggests to the reader that they are not all friends as you first think and that they have no loyalty to each other and are just with each other because they have the same basis of work and business ethics. Fagin is described in chapter 50 as he is getting arrested as a rough, battling character struggling with the police and being all muddy and bleeding, Dickens has put Fagin in this situation which could best describe him and what he is all about, not necessarily his features, but his links with the police and his links with crime. Dickens describes the main criminal in chapter 50 at his lowest point, when he enters that room with his fellow criminals, Blanched face, sunken eyes, hollow cheeks, beard of three days growth, wasted flesh, short thick breath; it was the very ghost of Sikes. This sentence is full of short descriptive sentences that are saying to the readers that Sikes is destroyed, he has been hiding away for the crime of murder and is just a translucent figure of Sikes when he used to be a strong and ironically ghastly figure with no power, Sikes is now battered, Sikes has now got nothing and Sikes is on the run! Leading up to the climax of chapter 50 Dickens describes the mob of Londoners chasing down Sikes in the tight alleys and roads of London, he depicts them as a crowd of a strong struggling current of angry faces that are all out after Sikes the murderer, Dickens has used those descriptions to show the sheer scale of the force wanting to capture this one man, a current of people, suggesting it is like a river of people flowing along the streets. Later in the scene an old man cries I will give fifty pounds to the man who takes him alive, fifty pounds in those times was an enormous amount of money which again shows the sheer scale of the wanting of this man. The climax is ultimately the death of Bill Sikes in this chapter, when Sikes is on that roof ready to try his escape Dickens finally de-humanises the villain at last by instead of calling him Sikes calling him the murderer to tell the audience just exactly what he is, which is nothing. The way Dickens depicts the death of Sikes is very dramatic in the way that he dies, jumping off a roof and accidentally hanging yourself isnt the best way to go or the most common in any story, Dickens used this way of death to give justice, melodrama and a gothic feel which would add real feel to how the audience would feel at the death of a person who has been hated by most throughout the whole story. The speed of Sikes death is quite important, the use of verbs such as staggering, tumbled, which is when Sikes loses his balance and goes over the edge of the building. Sikes death is also set at night time to add a little more drama and a chase factor to the dramatic end. The noose in those times was common for convicted murderers to receive when arrested, so for Sikes to die in a noose was justified in the end. Dickens had a message to the reader in the end of this chapter which is to draw attention to a range of social injustices in those times, which means a lot of people getting away with crimes which obviously dickens felt strongly about, Dickens didnt just simply tell people about this he used a range of techniques to excite the reader and to please the reader. Overall Dickens created this chapter to avenge Nancys death, we know this because Sikes cries The eyes again! referring to Nancys eyes. Which leaves the reader feeling happy about Sikes death and making the reader want to read his next edition in his paper.

Morris :: essays research papers

Of French and English descent, Morris was born at Morrisania estate, in Westchester (present Bronx) County, NY, in 1752. His family was wealthy and enjoyed a long record of public service. His elder half-brother, Lewis, signed the Declaration of Independence. Gouverneur was educated by private tutors and at a Huguenot school in New Rochelle. In early life, he lost a leg in a carriage accident. He attended King's College (later Columbia College and University) in New York City, graduating in 1768 at the age of 16. Three years later, after reading law in the city, he gained admission to the bar. When the Revolution loomed on the horizon, Morris became interested in political affairs. Because of his conservatism, however, he at first feared the movement, which he believed would bring mob rule. Furthermore, some of his family and many of his friends were Loyalists. But, beginning in 1775, for some reason he sided with the Whigs. That same year, representing Westchester County, he took a seat in New York's Revolutionary provincial congress (1775-77). In 1776, when he also served in the militia, along with John Jay and Robert R. Livingston he drafted the first constitution of the state. Subsequently he joined its council of safety (1777). In 1777-78 Morris sat in the legislature and in 1778-79 in the Continental Congress, where he numbered among the youngest and most brilliant members. During this period, he signed the Articles of Confederation and drafted instructions for Benjamin Franklin, in Paris, as well as those that provided a partial basis for the treaty ending the War for Independence. Morris was also a close friend of Washington and one of his strongest congressional supporters. Defeated in his bid for reelection to Congress in 1779 because of the opposition of Gov. George Clinton's faction, Morris relocated to Philadelphia and resumed the practice of law. This temporarily removed him from the political scene, but in 1781 he resumed his public career when he became the principal assistant to Robert Morris, Superintendent of Finance for the United States, to whom he was unrelated. Gouverneur held this position for 4 years. Morris emerged as one of the leading figures at the Constitutional Convention. His speeches, more frequent than those by anyone else, numbered 173. Although sometimes presented in a light vein, they were usually substantive. A strong advocate of nationalism and aristocratic rule, he served on many committees, including those on postponed matters and style, and stood in the thick of the decisionmaking process.

Impact Of Renewable Energy Usage Environmental Sciences Essay

The intent of this literature reappraisal is to supply the reader with a general overview of the impact made by the use of renewable energy in universe on the development of engineering and on the environment. Recently there is an urge demand of utilizing renewable energy in the industries and other of import sectors around the universe since the current chief fuel resource which is crude oil and natural gas is consuming twelvemonth by twelvemonth. Thus in recent old ages, many research and trials have been done to use the renewable energies true possible to its upper limit. The first portion of this chapter will give brief penetration of the advantages that is brought by utilizing renewable energy on our planet. Next will be the comparism between renewable energy and non renewable energy. Finally the alterations of utilizing renewable energy brings to the universe at an planetary degree. 2.2 The advantages of renewable energy Well, for a start renewable energy will ne'er be depleted, hence every bit long as there is a demand for electricity and heat there will be adequate energy to provide it.There are several renewable energy which would non consume and go on to be around for many years.Solar energy is one of the most common continuously renewable energy since its reprieved from the Sun s ray.Furthermore streamlined H2O which run through the turbine in the hydroelectric dike produce hydro energy.The windmills blades which is turned by the sheer power of the air current produces air current energy.Hot liquefied lava beneath the Earth s crust heats the stones above therefore bring forthing hot spots which produces geothermic energy.The pile of refuse, rubbish and other organic stuffs produces biomass energy ( Matthew Hick n.d ) . As you can see, there are assorted renewable energy beginnings available to us as an option to fossil fuels. There are many advantages to them among the most popular being that they will non consume in supply, intending they will be around everlastingly. Renewable energy beginnings are non new. They have been utilized in some manner for many old ages. Unfortunately, low dodo fuel monetary values have stunted renewable energy s popularity and growing in the United States. But an increasing consciousness of homo and environmental concerns, every bit good as, a demand to happen non-exhaustible energy beginnings, will maintain it as a pillar for the hereafter. ( Matthew Hick n.d ) Renewable energy will assist in salvaging the environment merely in the simple sense that by utilizing renewable energy, the production of green house gas will b reduced therefore assisting in the bar planetary warming.Furthermore the O produced by the trees are much more fitter because of the fact that there are less pollutants in the air which can cut down the quality of the air ( Michel Jeen.2008 ) . Furthermore, the use of environmental free energy as a renewable energy hike its opportunities of going more safer than conventional fossil fuels.The use of fossil fuels causes the release of toxic gases and harmful substances, therefore heightening the opportunities of pollution or other natural bad lucks to go on such as acid rains and planetary warming.Renewable energy is environmentally friendly therefore it reduces the opportunities of pollution from go oning and the air produced in the surrounding besides is much more cleansing agent and reduces the hazard in acquiring diseases such as asthma n etc ( Michel Jeen.2008 ) . Since renewable energy is an extremely beforehand field to research about, therefore it needs extremely specialised equipment and a batch of research to be done, therefore it will make a batch of occupation chance and occupation sectors ( Michel Jeen.2008 ) . Harmonizing to the analysis, renewable energy and energy efficiency deployment costs would be gross impersonal or better, as the costs associated with energy efficiency stop up salvaging the state more money than the costs associated with deploying renewable energy engineerings and 4.5 million occupations will be created all the piece. ( Jennifer Runyon.2009 ) 2.3 The comparing between renewable energy and non renewable energy Renewable energy is a energy that can be replaced from clip to clip because it does non hold finite addendum energy, therefore it can be used for many old ages but still it would non complete. Examples of renewable energy is solar energy, weave energy, wave energy, biomass energy and geothermic energy.Meanwhile, non renewable energy is an energy that has finite addendum of energy therefore it would be used up as clip advancements by. Example of such energy are crude oil and natural gas ( Renewable energy.2003 ) . Renewable energy and non-renewable energy have important differences. Renewable energy would non consume whereas non-renewable energy someday will consume from our planet since the resources that is needed for the energy will somehow deplete from our planet. Non-renewable energy such as rough oil, coal, natural gas and etc are completing fast because the demands are higher than the supply of the natural stuff. ( Difference Between Non-Renewable and Renewable Energy Sources.2009 ) There is a universe power crisis whether we choose to acknowledge it or non. We are utilizing our non- renewable energy beginnings at a rapid rate, a rate that increases daily. Our non-renewable energy beginnings include, fossil fuels ( rough oil ) , coal, natural gas, atomic power, and yes even H2O, H2O is used to drive turbines to make electricity. Once we have exhausted these non-renewable energy beginnings we will no longer be able to drive the turbines that produce our electricity. ( Difference Between Non-Renewable and Renewable Energy Sources.2009 ) Furthermore, non-renewable energy which uses volatile natural stuff such as atomic energy can do lay waste toing effects to the environment if there is a escape in the atomic works. Example of such annihilating accident is the Chernobyl atomic works accident ( Nuclear Energy Benefits Debate: Safe or Not.2009 ) .Meanwhile renewable energy has a positive consequence towards the environment. Renewable energy can cut down the emanation of pollutants such as C dioxide and C monoxide which may harm the environment ( Union of Concerned Scientists ) . Non-renewable energy besides causes distability in the economic system, since it s a non sustainable energy therefore the monetary value of the fuel ever beads and hikings harmonizing to the handiness of the fuel in the universe interim renewable energy brings more stableness to the economic system since it s a sustainable energy beginning therefore it provides an stable energy beginning to the universe so it would non impact economically. The usage of fossil fuels makes the U.S. vulnerable to political instabilities, trade differences, trade stoppages and a assortment of other impacts. ( pier55.2009 ) 2.4 The alterations of utilizing renewable energy brings to the universe at an planetary degree Renewable energy such as solar energy can convey a batch alterations to the universe in footings of a new fuel beginning. Since solar power is obtained from the Sun so it will be available throughout the twelvemonth therefore continuously being renewed. Furthermore solar energy is a clean power therefore it s a really good option for current fuel beginning. Alot of new undertakings are being introduced to tackle the power of solar energy, such grandscale undertaking is being carried out in Hong Kong. Hongkong Electric Holdings Ltd. , the public-service corporation controlled by billionaire Li Ka-shing, officially started up the metropolis s biggest solar-power undertaking today as portion of attempts to assist cut pollution ( John Duce.2010 ) . Another illustration of renewable energy which revolutionizes the universe is wind energy. Wind energy is produced from the turbines which are connected to the blades which are turned by the force of wind.Since air current is a free beginning of energy therefore it can salvage a batch of cost and it produces clean energy excessively. The United States are earnestly sing weave energy as a alternate beginning of energy, which can been seen from the planning of a air current farm in Mojave Desert North of Los Angeles. It ‘s being called the largest air current power undertaking in the state, with programs for 1000s of estates of looming turbines in the Mojave Desert foothills bring forthing electricity for 600,000 places in Southern California. ( Tiffany Hsu.2010 ) Furthermore, geothermic energy is another beginning of renewable energy that can convey a whole alteration to the universe, it s an energy that is generated from the Earth s nucleus which is heated by the molten stone ( magma ) .Geothermal is a free energy since the beginning of the energy itself from our Earth. It s already being utilized in states such as Iceland and in Philippines. Philippiness authorities are seeking to utilize the full potency of geothermic energy in its state. ( Intermediate Energy Infobook.pg12 ) ENERGY DEVELOPMENT Corp. , the state s biggest manufacturer of geothermic energy, plans to put some $ 1 billion over the following five old ages in greenfield power workss. ( Amy R. Remo.2010 )

5 Stategies to Involve Parents

A suggestion box is an ideal tool for parents on the go. This gives parents the opportunity to be involved without cutting into their busy schedules. Also this benefits those parents whom like to anonymously suggest ideas about the service or certain activities. Having the box in an accessible place is important in order for every parent to know where it is and have immediate access. Putting in place some parent suggested ideas will continue to encourage parent involvement. Parent Read Along: A parent read along is a good way to include parents in an activity with the kids at the center while increasing child development. This is an activity that could take place once a month that encourages parents read a story to their child’s classroom. Having parents come read to children at story time will be a quick and efficient way to involve parents; preferably the story session day and time should meet the need of the parent. This in return lets the parents know that the center is dedicated to putting the child and family first. I believe this strategy would benefit the development of children because it encourages and promotes learning while reading in addition to parent involvement. Keep Parents Updated: Keeping parents informed of what takes place on a daily basis, upcoming events and how they can get involved is an open invitation. Finding additional creative ways of spreading the news rather than by word of mouth may be a little catchier. Having flyers, newsletters, or possibly sending emails may grasp the attention of the parent; being that technology is so dominate and people communicate via e-mail frequently. Going the extra mile shows that your daycare center encourages parental involvement. Bring Your Parent To Center Day: Having events that are centered on parental participation is another way to get parents involved. An event like bring your parent to Center day puts parents in the spotlight. The Parents Day event resembles that of show and tell. Parents can show off their skills while interacting with their child (ren) at the center. It would be good to have this type of event maybe once a month in order to give each child’s parent(s) an opportunity while providing varying days and times. Progress Meetings: Every parent should take interest in their child’s progress and achievements. A progress meeting encourages parental involvement. Progress meetings can be scheduled accordingly or spur of the moment. Scheduling meetings to best fit the need of the parent shows concern in the matter. Updating a parent of their child’s progress while they are signing them out counts as well. Making parents aware that their involvement with their child will likely have benefits for their child’s development also may produce more participation at the center. When other parents see parents getting involved they usually will too. This strategy as well contributes to the development of children because for one the parent is involved. Having parent involvement encourages children to push on and do well. Progress meetings helps acknowledge problem areas if any so that, if additional help is needed the parent is aware and will do as such.

Functional Foods, health and prevention

Functional Foods, health and prevention Free Online Research Papers Functional food or medicinal food is any healthy or fictional food claimed to have a health-promoting or disease-preventing property beyond the basic function of supplying nutrients.[1] The general category of functional foods includes processed food or foods fortified with health-promoting additives, like vitamin-enriched products. Fermented foods with live cultures are considered as functional foods with probiotic benefits. Functional foods are an emerging field in food science due to their increasing popularity with health-conscious consumers. The term was first used in Japan in the 1980s where there is a government approval process for functional foods called Foods for Specified Health Use (FOSHU). The functional food industry, consisting of food, beverage and supplement sectors, is one of the several areas of the food industry that is experiencing fast growth in recent yearsIt is estimated by BCC Research that the global market of functional food industry will reach 176.7 billion in 2013 with a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 7.4%. Specifically, the functional food sector will experience 6.9% CAGR, the supplement sector will rise by 3.8% and the functional beverage sector will be the fastest growing segment with 10.8% CAGR.[2] This kind of growth is fueled not only by industrial innovation and development of new products that satisfy the demand of health conceious consumers but also by health claims covering a wide range of health issues.[3]Yet, consumer skepticism persists mainly due to the fact that benefits associated with consuming the products may be difficult to be detected. The industry suggests the establishment of a health claim regulating agency, which may incr ease consumer confidence. It should be noted that strict examination of some of the functional food claims may discourage some companies from launching their products. Ginger Adds More Than Just Taste It is commonly believed that spices were added to foods before refrigeration and other forms of preservation became common, as a way of masking the taste of foods that had started to spoil. Many voyages of discovery were undertaken to find sources of these valuable plants and herbs. MedilinePlus4 Ginger [Zingiber officinale Roscoe (Zingiberaceae)] is well known in many tropical countries, both for its taste enhancing properties and also as a traditional medicine. It is the ginger tuber that is used by cooks around the world to add that distinctive taste to food. Ginger is a low-growing tropical plant which is easily grown indoors. A small piece of a mature ginger root can be used to start a new plant. Once it is placed in a pot with good potting soil, the pot should be kept warm and constantly moist during the growing season, since ginger naturally often grows in wet, almost marshy, conditions. Traditionally ginger has been used to help relieve digestive upset/disturbances including lack of appetite, nausea, digestive spasms, indigestion, dyspepsia and flatulent colic (carminative) as well as an expectorant and anti-tussive to help relieve bronchitis as well as coughs and colds. Ginger contains several nonvolatile pungent principles namely gingerols, shogaols, paradols and zingerone, which contribute to its taste and which account for many of its reported beneficial health effects. Studies conducted in cultured cells as well as in experimental animals revealed that these pungent phenolics found in ginger possess anticarcinogenic properties. So, some spices not only make your food taste good, they also are good for your health. Food as medicine Considered a father of Western medicine, Hippocrates advocated the healing effects of food. The Egyptians, Chinese, and Sumerians are just a few civilizations that have provided evidence suggesting that foods can be effectively used as medicine to treat and prevent disease. Documents hint that the medicinal benefits of food have been explored for thousands of years [8]. Hippocrates, considered by some to be the father of Western medicine, said that people should â€Å"Let food be thy medicine.† The modern nutraceutical market began to develop in Japan during the 1980s. In contrast to the natural herbs and spices used as folk medicine for centuries throughout Asia, the nutraceutical industry has grown alongside the expansion and exploration of modern technology.[9] New research conducted among food scientists show that there is more to food science than what was understood just a couple decades ago.[9] Until just recently, analysis of food was limited to the flavor of food (sensory taste and texture) and its nutritional value (composition of carbohydrates, fats, proteins, water, vitamins and minerals). However, there is growing evidence that other components of food may play an integral role in the link between food and health. These chemical components are derived from plant, food, and microbial sources, and provide medicinal benefits valuable to longs of these nutraceutical chemicals include probiotics, antioxidants, and phytochemicals. Nutraceutical products were considered alternative medicine for many years. Nutraceuticals have become a more mainstream supplement to the diet, now that research has begun to show evidence that these chemicals found in food are often effective when processed effectively and marketed correctly. Classification of nutraceuticals Nutraceuticals is a broad umbrella term used to describe any product derived from food sources that provides extra health benefits in addition to the basic nutritional value found in foods. Products typically claim to prevent chronic diseases, improve health, delay the aging process, and increase life expectancy.[10] There is minimal regulation over which products are allowed to display the nutraceutical term on their labels. Because of this, the term is often used to market products with varying uses and effectiveness. The definition of nutraceuticals and related products often depend on the source. Members of the medical community desire that the nutraceutical term be more clearly established in order to distinguish between the wide varieties of products out there.[11] There are multiple different types of products that fall under the category of nutraceuticals. Research Papers on Functional Foods, health and preventionGenetic EngineeringMarketing of Lifeboy Soap A Unilever ProductDefinition of Export QuotasInfluences of Socio-Economic Status of Married MalesPETSTEL analysis of IndiaTwilight of the UAWAssess the importance of Nationalism 1815-1850 EuropeRelationship between Media Coverage and Social andBionic Assembly System: A New Concept of SelfOpen Architechture a white paper

Reaction Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 9

Reaction Paper - Essay Example An astounding thing about the film and the exposition itself was the scale that was present. Normally, a fair or event like that would have small exhibits which would be dwarfed by the crowds. For the Chicago exposition, this was far from the case. Instead the exposition hosted complex structures, many of which were at large scales. I imagine that it must have been dazzling, like visiting another world. Everything that was being showcased was beautiful, exciting and compelling. It seemed like it would have been an amazing place to visit and that there would have been so many things that were interesting to see and to do. The impact that the exposition had on the city itself was amazing. Through the use of white building materials, the exposition really was a white city, standing out from the environment around it. This must have been amazing to see, and transported visitors away from their day-to-day life and routines to a world that was entirely different. The size of the exposition and the amount that there was to see must have kept people busy for days. Another aspect of the film that was fascinating was the way that the technology was showcased. One aspect of this was the focus on electricity, which provided an indication to visitors that electricity was a safe and reliable form of energy. A key presenter for this section of the exposition was Nikola Tesla, who is renowned today for his role in the invention of the alternating current. This aspect of the exposition was amazing, because the exhibits that were being shown to the people at the fair were new and astounding, yet many of them would become technological standards for later life. Many people today cannot imagine living without electricity, yet for the people going to the exposition it was brand new. I felt that this contrast was amazing, and longed to go back to the time where progress had this kind of wonder associated with it. Although there were

In-Flight Smoking Ban Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

In-Flight Smoking Ban - Essay Example Many companies have recently adapted to the in-flight smoking rule thus causing controversies between the newly introduced smoking law and the human rights laws. The In-flight smoke rule was introduced in the United States in 1989 which has ever since continued to grow worldwide with the adaption of big airline companies such as Virgin Atlantic, British Air and Air France. The adaption of the in-flight smoking law has led to numerous positive results in the flight services. Non-smokers benefit immensely from the in-flight smoking ban as they can travel without the fear of being exposed to tobacco and its effects. In this case, smoking is a condoned in public environments as it affects both the smokers and the non-smokers. Health researchers indicate that non-smokers who are regularly exposed to cigarette smoke in public places carry a much higher chance of developing lung cancer and other smoking diseases compared to the firsthand smokers. Non-smokers are prone to sore eyes, colds an d sore through due to inadequate of fresh air circulation through the aeroplane cabins. An in-flight smoke law has helped in the reduction of these cases thus providing comfort in the air travelling. Flight crews have also benefited from the implementation of the in-flight smoke ban law. a research study commissioned by Aviation Safety Institute in March 1988 proved that smoke from cigarette reduces the level of blood oxygen in flight attendants and pilots which in turn leads to the adverse effect on their judgment. The in-flight smoke law has therefore helped in the reduction of air travel accidents thus making flight travelling to be one of the safest means of transport. Passengers travelling in the aeroplane cabin have benefited from the in-flight smoke law as it helps in the reduction of carbon IV oxide and carbon monoxide accumulation in the chamber that result from poor ventilation, maintenance of the air condition systems as well as filters, poor cleaners and less utility of these devices during flight travels.     

Compare between two companies Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Compare between two companies - Essay Example This is also evident in HRM where the two words are mostly used in the same context. However, the two words have different precisions in that training stands as both a segment of as well as a pre-condition for training. Training entails the changing of behaviors of non-managers and this may be through such efforts as vocational education among others (Noe, 2002). Conversely, development would be involves building managers whether individually or as a group for future needs. Development does not focus upon immediate needs but rather future demands. Building employees at an individual level entails such actions as mentoring them as well as conducting a self-analysis of each employee personally. Contrary, developing workers as groups would includes letting them engage in outdoor trainings meant to increase their competence. Therefore, whereas training focuses on imparting employees with skills to tackle their current tasks, development focuses upon future engagements. Training arises ou t of various needs that a company may point out. For example, training may be to ascertain that employees match with the procedures stipulated for the said company, or it may for aligning the employees with the ethics of a particular company (Pride et al, 2010). Training process includes such measures as identifying organizations as well as the HRM’s strategies to make sure that the two do not conflict. The other step includes identifying the need or areas that call for training. What follows is the training and an evaluation to check the efficiency of the process. Various methods may be suited for either training or development. For example On –the-job-, this happens when an inexperienced person learns under the supervision of a worker already acquainted with skills. Classroom – whereby, trainees get into classroom situations to learn skills. Role-playing- This happens when a trainee works in another person’s job or placement to understand it best (Pride et al, 2010). Simulations- This occurs when employees have to take training away from their job areas to get away from the baffles associated with work and engage seriously in training. Training entails various accrued benefits and one of them would be ensuring that employees match with the organization’s goals. It also brings about improved skills to enable people tackle their jobs effectively and there is lowered labor turn over (Aguinis & Kraiger 2009). In addition, trained employees display heightened morale while going about their jobs. Disadvantages associated with training include the fact that it may render a financial burden upon an organization in that it at times calls for lots of capital. Background of the two companies Coca cola Coca Cola Company traces its roots in 1886 at the heart of USA. The company stands in recent times as a leading manufacturer in soft drinks globally. It also boasts of being the biggest distributor and spearheads marketing of soft drinks as well. It sells an estimated 6,000,000 drinks a day. The company serves over 200 states globally and has a vision of making the best profits and creating the best job platform, where employees derive motivation from what they do (Cola, C. 2011). The company’s mission is that it aspires to refresh the globe with their wide range of drinks as well as make a difference in their manufacture and supply of

Comparison of ender and Pheidippides Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Comparison of ender and Pheidippides - Essay Example They both entered highly rigorous educational institutions designed to shape them permanently, for instance, and both characters seem to engage with their educators in somewhat similar ways. Furthermore, both characters entered their educational institutions for reasons other than self-betterment, and under pressure from outside sources. Ender and Pheidippides both demonstrate two important qualities in students: the willingness to challenge their teachers, the willingness to ‘buy in’ to their educational systems, but both also show very clearly that a coercive education is damaging and that one must have the right reasons for seeking education. One thing that becomes clear immediately about both Ender and Pheidippides is that neither is simply willing to accept what their instructors say; rather, both show a willingness to challenge their instructors or superiors in cases that do not make sense. Early upon joining real battles in Battle School, Ender is told by his supe rior: you will not pass through the gate until four full minutes after the beginning of the game, and then you will remain at the gate, with your weapon undrawn and unfired, until such time as the game ends (Card 87), which obviously puts his teammates at a disadvantage, being down one person. He refuses, however, to obey. Eventually, he sits lifeless through an entire battle, only to force a draw at the final moments by going against order and attacking his opponents by surprise (94), and winning the game. He suffers punishment for his actions, but learns that sometimes disobeying a superior is the right thing – and that instructors do not necessarily know everything. Pheidippides shows a similar willingness to challenge his teacher’s instructions. In â€Å"The Clouds† the audience does not see a great deal of Pheidippides’ education, other than a brief exchange between the two arguments, and the experience of his father. Pheidippides’ shows he is willing to question his teacher by arguing against the things his father learned during his time in the Thinkery. The father, for instance, insists that two different things cannot both be a â€Å"fowl† (Aristophones 1080) This essentially negates the categorization of objects, but is not something that Pheidippides is willing to accept on face value: he challenges his father, arguing that this does not constitute an education (1084). Both Ender and Pheidippides are willing to question the educations they are given. Though both characters certainly seem willing to question their educations, they both also buy in to their educations. Though Ender initially hates his educational experience, his isolation and so on, when he is put in the role of an educator he in fact repeats the very isolating acts he hated one of his students, Bean. He singles the boy out, making the others â€Å"avoid eye-contact with him† (Card 134), exactly as he had done to him. Though he â€Å"wa nted to undo his taunting of the boy† (134), he in fact continues the isolating practices picking the boy out again by saying â€Å"Bean doesn’t think so,† when he believes the boy disagrees with what his fellows are thinking because he knows it will make the boy a better soldier, like it made him a better one. Pheidippides shows a similar willingness to buy in to his education. He observes the arguments of â€Å"

The Once and Future King by T. H. White | Symbolism

The Once and Future King by T. H. White | Symbolism The importance of symbolism in literature should not be underemphasized because it links the concrete everyday experiences of our lives with more significant interpretations the author applies to those experiences. Symbols are a major element in how literature works.(Oldham) Symbolism is used by T. H. White throughout The Once and Future King, and each of the symbols used enhances and adds depth to the story. The Questing Beast is more than a monster; it represents meaningless quests.(Ogden-Korus) The sword is more than a weapon; it is a symbol for all that is honorable and courageous in Arthurian legend.(Lozon) The Round Table is not merely a piece of furniture that King Arthur chose to place in his castle; it is a symbol representing the ideals of knighthood and Arthurs leadership style.(Lupack) The Holy Grail is not only a pursued treasure; it represents a promise of a new beginning.(Howard) Symbolism in The Once and Future King is important because of the enhanced depth and meani ng it gives to the story as can be seen in the Questing Beast, the sword, the Round Table, and the Holy Grail. Symbolism is often difficult to interpret in literature because symbols can have complex meanings which go beyond their literal or a single meaning. In truth, the most expressive symbols in literature do represent a range of meanings. This often confuses and frustrates readers and results in them failing to appreciate the full meaning and depth of a literary work.(Ricouer) For example, a flag can be much more than a symbol representing a particular country. For many people, a flag can symbolize abstract ideas about the ideals of what that country represents to them.(Ohio University) When the complex meanings of the symbols in The Once and Future King are discovered, a new level of understanding is gained by the reader. It becomes apparent that not only is the story about the Arthurian legend, it is about the spirit and ideals that are represented by that legend. The Questing Beast is an iconic symbol of Arthurian legend.(Batt) As implied by its name, its function is to be the object of quests. This beast, with a monstrous barking noise coming from its stomach, is often described as having a leopards body, a serpents head, a lions hindquarters, and a deers feet. In The Once and Future King, T. H. White uses this misunderstood creature to explain Pellinores quest for the beast and to symbolize that there is really no good reason for Pellinore to spend a large part of his life in this quest. Pellinore holds no real personal anger against the beast, and pursues him only because everyone in his family has always done so. Pellinores long search symbolizes all the pointless knightly pursuits encouraged by chivalry ungrounded in the belief might makes right. The unlikely body parts which form this beast symbolize the chaos of those pursuits.(Ogden-Korus) When the reader understands the symbolism in the Questing Beast, a new meaning and depth is give n to the story. The life depicted by the knights and, in turn, many quests sought by people are often fruitless endeavors with no real purpose. While the symbolism in the Questing Beast represents fruitlessness, the symbolism in the sword is much different. The mystical sword of King Arthur is a weapon of great physical and magical powers, and is one of the most famous items associated with Arthurian legend. It, however, is more than a weapon. In the sword is symbolized everything that is noble and valiant in the world. It is a symbol of strength, pride, power, and the authority one man can command to bring an entire nation under his rule.(Lozon) Such swords are made so that only a few or one specific person can use them effectively because they are a symbol of divine kingship. In T. H. Whites The once and Future King, the words engraved on the sword are Whoso Pulleth Out This Sword of this Stone and Anvil, is Rightwise King Born of All England.(p. 197) Arthurs ability to pull the sword from the stone proves his worthiness as a leader and his acceptance of all the responsibility that such leadership entails.(Lai) The sword i s really a test used to distinguish outer physical strength from an inner morality, and only the worthy posses that quality.(Lai) Understanding the symbolism of the sword in The Once and Future King gives depth to what are the true qualities of power and leadership in the world and the responsibilities that accompany that leadership. Comparatively, the true qualities of power and leadership are further symbolized in The Once and Future King by the Round Table. In the story, the table is not merely the physical object around which Arthur and his knights sit, it is the physical representation of the equality among them. Its round shape symbolizes fairness and justice for all. When seated around the table, no one could claim more importance than another. (Lupack) The great sense of equality depicted by the Round Table can be found in Robert Waces poem, Le Roman de Brut. Arthur fashioned the Round Table Of which many tales are told There sit his knights, Each one equal to the next: They sit equally at the Table And are equally served. None of them can boast That he sits ahead of the next. None has a favored position, And none is excluded.(9751-60) An understanding of the sense of equality symbolized by the Round Table enables the reader to realize the importance in the shape of the table. Further symbolized in the shape of the table is the entire order of knighthood and the code of chivalry to which the knights committed themselves in their lives and in the pursuits they followed. This code of fairness was expressed by many characteristics including courtesy, honor, and loyalty.(Lupack) Each of these characteristics stress the importance of leading a moral and righteous life. Through an understanding of the symbolism in the Round Table, the reader gains a deeper appreciation for the importance of right makes right and the necessity of equality in life and its quests. Regardless of ones quests in life, the aim of each is to obtain a treasure. In The Once and Future King, an important treasure sought is the Holy Grail. Reading the story without understanding the symbolic meaning of the Holy Grail leads one to believe that it is simply a cup. Understanding the symbolism, however, leads to a much deeper appreciation of the significance of this treasure: its promise for a new beginning in life. The hardships involved in obtaining that promise are reflected in the degree of difficulty it takes to achieve it. Most people would prefer to cling to the familiar, no matter how unsatisfying it may be, rather than face the new. The desire and the ability to strive for change distinguishes the hero from the rest of humanity. (Howard) Looking at the symbolic meaning of the Holy Grail gives the reader a better understanding of all that can be achieved through the quests in ones life. In conclusion, although it is often difficult to interpret symbolism in literature, it is important to do so in The Once and Future King because of the enhanced depth and meaning the reader can gain from the story. From the Questing Beast, the reader learns that might does not necessarily make right. The qualities of honorable and valiant leaders can be discovered in the sword. The Round Table supports the ideal that right does means right. Finally, the symbolism in the Holy Grail uncovers a new meaning to the quests that one attempts in life. Indeed, symbolism in literature should not be seen as frustrating. Instead, it should be viewed as exciting because it opens doors to additional reading, rereading, and discussion. This, in turn, gives a further insight and meaning to literature. Symbolism, through the many layers of meaning it conveys, gives literature its deep and lasting qualities.

Seasons-Spring and Winter in Whistling of Birds by D. H. Lawrence Ess

â€Å"Whistling of Birds† by David Herbert Lawrence is a depiction of the vividness of his writings and his own artistic vision and thought. In this essay he has elucidated the change of seasons- change from winter to spring- in an impressive way by the use of images, similes and metaphors.. Winter, as he narrates, brings woe and causes wreck. The intense frost that sustained for several weeks caused the death of birds. The remnants of the beautiful bevy of birds – lapwings, starlets, thrushes, lied scattered in the fields. The â€Å"invisible beasts of prey† had wolfed the birds. The winter had massacred the song birds and their blood-soaked skins were spread all around. The beings that could not shield themselves against its rigours shivered with cold and were exposed to the fury of biting cold winds. Winter thus had brought a host of hardships to the poor souls who found it hard to face the vagaries of the weather. Oh, the long and dreary Winter! Oh, the cold and cruel Winter! – LONGFELLOW, Hiawatha Then sudden change appeared. The way wind began to blow depicted change of weather. The winds were warm and during the day shimmers sunlight could be seen. The birds began to chirp uncomfortably, without a pause. The doves were uttering strained coos as the influence of winter prevailed on them. Their attitude was queer. It was like a overlapping season. The surroundings were still snow carpeted. They kept on cooing with weakness. The breeze was still chilly enough to hurt. The subdued sunlight provoked the birds to chirrup in feeble tones. During the hard frost, deathly silence held sway. Then with the slight change of conditions, the whistling of birds appeared to be a peculiar act. It was extremely difficult to accept the change. The writer inquires for it, as the earth had been covered with the sheet of lacerated cadavers. The scene was quite frightening and alerting as the birds kept on tweeting and spreading their â€Å"silver† songs all around in the winter-effected sur roundings. The joy and defiance of the birds amazes and inspires him; it is the image of all brave rebirths. The birds were reconciling to the death of the other birds. They were forgetting the dead world in order to join the new bright one. â€Å"If winter comes, can spring be far behind.† –Shelley, Ode to the West Wind. If there comes a little thaw, Still the air is chill and raw, Here and there a patc... .... He continues with his whistling. Whistling affirms passionately the irrepressible renewal of life after death and destruction. The essay describes the renewal of the birds’ song after the long and dreary winter. The song is a metaphor for life that is chosen, willingly and deliberately. Lawrence is not alone in his determination to choose life. Many others have reached the same decision after grappling with the horror of death in their minds and souls. In Whistling, Lawrence celebrates the impulse to life that cannot be quenched--the hope that lives in all of us. He uses the metaphor of the whistling of birds for his depiction of this inextinguishable flame of life and hope in humans. Lawrence not only affirmed life but insisted on the inevitability of it: â€Å"Who can thwart the impulse that comes upon us? It comes from the unknown upon us,† Faith of life is generated in them; they have escaped from the dreadful shadows of death. It becomes essential for us to relocate from the zone of death to life. Thus the two seasons, spring and winter, have been clearly portrayed by the writer. The change that fascinated him has been explained in a vivid way that it enthralls the readers too.

Psychoanalytic Personality Assessment

Psychoanalytic Personality Assessment PSY/250 Psychoanalytic Personality Assessment The psychoanalytic theory states that there are inner forces other than your awareness that affect your behavior. Sigmund Freud, Alfred Adler and Carl Jung influenced psychology with their theories making a very large impact on psychology. As the writer I will compare and contrast the theories of these three gentlemen and decide which of these theories in which I agree and which of these theories I do not agree with.Freud’s work is now the most recognized and most heavily cited in all of psychology and referenced in humanities as well. Freud emphasized on dreams and sexuality. Dreams according to Freud’s psychoanalytic theory are said to have two levels of content, manifest content and latent content. The manifest content is what a person remembers and consciously considers. The latent content is the underlying hidden meaning. This is the trademark idealism of the psychoanalytic approach to personality, in other words what we see on the surface is only a part of what really lies underneath. Friedman & Schustack 2009) In his theory â€Å"libido† was the sexual energy that was responsible for psychological tension. Freud believed that the principal driving force behind men and women’s activities was either repressed or expressed sexuality. Unfulfilled sexuality led to pathological conditions. In other words that the unconscious was the storage facility for repressed sexual desires. (Friedman, Schustack, 2009) Freud also felt that religion was just an escape and a misleading notion which was an idea that should not be spread to people, that religion was a drug of the masses.His faith was fully in the minds ability to access its unconscious thoughts, thus avoiding any psychiatric disorder. Freud viewed the unconscious as a collection of images, thoughts and experiences that an individual refused to process, which led to psychiatric problems. (Wikipedia, 2 010) On the other hand Jung disagreed on what constituted the unconscious. Jung added to Freud’s definition by stating that each individual also possessed a collective unconscious, a group of shared images and archetypes common to all humans.Jung was fascinated with symbols. He argued that there are â€Å"archetypes† among these symbols which relate common human heritage, not just individual experiences. (Wikipedia, 2010) Thus each of us has a set of common symbols within us. Jung’s neo-analytic theory also differed suggesting that â€Å"libido† was a general psychic energy that was not sexual in nature. Jung believed that sex amounted to only one of the many things that drive humans. More importantly, humans are driven by their need to achieve individuation, wholeness or full knowledge of the self.Jung quite different in his beliefs, suggests that religion was an important place of safety for the individual as he or she began the process of individuation , exploring and excepting all parts of the self, that religion was a means of communication between all types of people, because although religions differed, the archetypes and symbols remained the same. In my opinion Jung was more mythical. Adler as opposed to Freud and Jung was in a class of his own. He believed that people were social creatures, forming goals and striving to meet them.Adler saw mental health in terms of having healthy values, which affect what goals we try to achieve. He believed that inferiority complexes affected self esteem and caused a negative effect on human health. Adler argued for holism, masculinity and femininity were crucial to understanding human psychology (Friedman, Schustack, 2009). The desire of the self was offset by social and ethical demands. Adler suggested that social realm was important to psychology as was the internal realm. That the dynamics of power and compensation extend beyond sexuality, and that gender and politics were important con siderations that go beyond libido.As you can see Adler was quite the socialist and realist and emphasized the role of empathy. One of the characteristics that I agree with is the theory that dreams play a part in psychoanalytic personality. I say this because of my own personal relationship with dreams. I believe that dreams are a part of our unconscious mind, either from repressed traumatic experiences, which can contribute to nightmares, night sweats, waking up at all hours of the night, which in turn can cause emotional instability and psychiatric disorders.In the same token, I also believe that daydreaming and pleasant dreams can be healthy to ones overall mental health. Another characteristic that I agree with is the theory that parenting and childhood development plays an even greater role in personality. I believe that from the moment you are born how you are nurtured, loved, and cared for, shapes who you will become as an adult. Childhood is the most critical time in the dev elopment stages of the one’s personality. On the other hand, one of the theories that I disagree with is Freud’s libido theory.I think that he had a dark deep obsession with sex and over emphasized it, in including it in his theory. I felt he had no basis, no proof, and no real meaning in his conclusion. The only connection to personality that I believe sex would have, is if one has been through a traumatic experience such as rape, suffer from sexual identity, a sexual addiction or other sexual crisis, otherwise I feel it has no place in personality. Freud just put way too much emphasis on sex in his theory. Another Freudian theory I disagree with is that religion is just an escape and a misleading notion.I have a strong disenchantment with this, being I am a very religious person. For the most part all nations, all creeds, all walks of life on this earth, have some sort of religious views. Religion is taught to us as children and plays a very important role in how we place our values, our morals, our principals, so to exclude religion from psychoanalytic personality is preposterous. Our religion, along with our childhood development determines who we are and who we will become. Religion is the most destructive of all weapons of mass destruction, and yet Freud looks at it so nonchalantly.More people have died in the name of religion that any other causes. I know that my religion weighs heavily on my personality. The five stages of Freud’s theory are that from age 0-2 (Oral) which is the first stage, the characteristic is the mouth: sucking, biting and swallowing, the conflict is the weaning away from the mother’s breast. This stage suggests that the willing personality is preoccupied with oral activities such as eating, smoking, biting nails or drinking. The oral aggressive personality is hostile and verbally abusive using mouth based aggression.The second stage from age 2-4 (Anal) is the defecating or retaining of feces. The confli ct is toilet training. The anal personality is stingy, and has a compulsive desire for order and tidiness. This person is generally stubborn and a perfectionist. The anal expulsive personality has a lack of self control, being generally messy and careless. The third stage from ages 4-5 (Phallic) is genitals. A boy being Oedipus and a girl Electra, which is a process through which they learn to identify with the same gender parent by acting as much like that parent as possible.Boys suffer castration anxiety by believing that the father knows that they desire their mothers, and thinking that the father will castrate him. Girls suffer from penis envy, where she is attached to her mother but then shifts her attachment once she realizes her mother lacks a penis, she then desires her father but later represses her desire for her father and incorporates the value of her mother and accepts her inferiority. The fourth stage, age’s 6-puberty (Latency) is unacceptable sexual desires tha t may flow into sports and hobbies, having the same sex friends help avoid sexual feelings.This personality is relatively calm. Sexual and aggressive behavior is less active. The fifth and last stage is the Genital stage and this personality represents maturity, intellectual and artistic creativity. This personality is well adjusted and balanced. Now after all of this, are you convinced as well as I am that Freud was way off the charts? Again I say that he put much too much emphasis on sex. Freud believed and developed a series of defense mechanisms and all of his defense mechanisms shared two common properties.One in which they often appeared unconsciously and two they tended to distort, transform, or otherwise falsify reality. One of his defense mechanisms â€Å"Intellectualization† is taking on an objective viewpoint. Suppose a husband learns that his wife has an incurable disease. He tries to learn everything he can about the disease and treatment options and by doing so represses feelings of anxiety, feelings of not being able to do anything to help his wife and any feelings of anger he may be feeling.Focusing on the facts rather than the emotional content of the situation. Freud, Jung and Adler each had their own ideas when it came to psychoanalytic personality, though they did not agree on all aspects of each other’s ideas, combined they were the founding fathers of psychoanalytic personality and are still highly regarded in the field of psychology today. Their theories combined opened doors into the vastness and complexity of the human mind. I believe in the field of psychology a little of each of their theories are being practiced today.There is a little Jung, Adler and Freud in each of us as we try and decipher the human mind and human behavior. References Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy. (2001). Sigmund Freud. Retrieved from http://www. iep. utm. edu Friedman, H. S. , & Schuustack, M. W. (2009). Personality: Classic Theories and Mo dern Research (4th ed. ). : Pearson Education, Inc.. Boeree, G. C. (1997,2006). Alfred Adler. Retrieved from http://webspace. ship. edu/cgboer/adler/html Psychoanalytic Personality Assessment Each individual is distinguished by their own unique personality. Personality is developed in different stages of a person life. There are several theorists who have tried to decipher the different types of personalities and determine the meaning of each. Freud, Jung, and Adler were known as sterling psychologists. Although they were sterling their views on psychology varied. To compare and contrast their psychoanalysis theories, Freud, Jung, and Adler perspectives on personality was similar but dissimilar at times. This assessment will compare and contrast psychoanalytic theories of Freud, Jung, and Adler.The assessment will also explain the two characteristics in which I agree and disagree. This assessment will describe the stages of Freud’s theory and explain characteristics of personality using these components. This assessment will conclude by describing the use of at least three Freudian defense mechanisms with real life examples. The theories Sigmund Freud, Alfred Adler , and Carl Jung shared is called psychoanalytic theories. These great men main theory was to decipher human behavior. They focused on many aspects of understanding of psychology.Their main focus was to discover a person’s previous childhood experiences and decipher the color a male of female would view a current experience. Freud established the theory that focused on psychosexual progress. Adler established human psychology. Jung established the analytical part of psychology. Freud psychoanalytical insight was broken down using three characteristics Id, ego, and superego (Friedman, Schustack, 2012). Freud describes Id as the foundation of personality. Id is demonstrated as not being affected by the external world (Friedman, Schusstack, 2012). The id hold the main physic force and motivations, which  referent urges or feelings.The second characteristic Freud describes is ego. Ego demonstrates an individual actually having to with the external world. A person ego is controll ed by real life encounters for example, going work, taking care of the children, socializing, and running daily errands. Freud believes that a person ego reflects reality principles, which are real life situations. Carl Jung believes that ego is the facet of an individual’s personality. Jung also believes the ego personality is a conscious action of self control. The third characteristic that Freud demonstrates is superego.Superego is the characteristic that joins moral values and society values. Moral values are taught by our parent who allows a person to know right from wrong. Society morals influence an individual personality by the environment that they live among. Superego is a person conscience that telling them from within what ethical decision or action you need to make (Friedman, Schustack, 2012). Carl G. Jung comes from a family line of ministers on both his mother and father side. Jung theories’ regarding personality was peculiar and somewhat different. Jung personality theories consist of a person’s thought and childhood encounters.His focal point was less on sexuality, and more on historical, spiritual, and supernatural occurrences than Freud’s psychoanalytic psychology (Friedman, Schusstack, 2012). Jung analytic psychology was geared toward three component of the mind: the conscious ego, the personal unconscious, and the collective unconscious. Jung theory on ego did resemble to Freud’s theory on ego. He believed that a person’s ego was conscious personified by the self motivation. Jung also believed that an individual develops this personality at four years of age (Friedman, Schustack, 2012). Psychoanalytic Personality Assessment Psychoanalytic Personality Assessment PSY/250 Psychoanalytic Personality Assessment The psychoanalytic theory states that there are inner forces other than your awareness that affect your behavior. Sigmund Freud, Alfred Adler and Carl Jung influenced psychology with their theories making a very large impact on psychology. As the writer I will compare and contrast the theories of these three gentlemen and decide which of these theories in which I agree and which of these theories I do not agree with.Freud’s work is now the most recognized and most heavily cited in all of psychology and referenced in humanities as well. Freud emphasized on dreams and sexuality. Dreams according to Freud’s psychoanalytic theory are said to have two levels of content, manifest content and latent content. The manifest content is what a person remembers and consciously considers. The latent content is the underlying hidden meaning. This is the trademark idealism of the psychoanalytic approach to personality, in other words what we see on the surface is only a part of what really lies underneath. Friedman & Schustack 2009) In his theory â€Å"libido† was the sexual energy that was responsible for psychological tension. Freud believed that the principal driving force behind men and women’s activities was either repressed or expressed sexuality. Unfulfilled sexuality led to pathological conditions. In other words that the unconscious was the storage facility for repressed sexual desires. (Friedman, Schustack, 2009) Freud also felt that religion was just an escape and a misleading notion which was an idea that should not be spread to people, that religion was a drug of the masses.His faith was fully in the minds ability to access its unconscious thoughts, thus avoiding any psychiatric disorder. Freud viewed the unconscious as a collection of images, thoughts and experiences that an individual refused to process, which led to psychiatric problems. (Wikipedia, 2 010) On the other hand Jung disagreed on what constituted the unconscious. Jung added to Freud’s definition by stating that each individual also possessed a collective unconscious, a group of shared images and archetypes common to all humans.Jung was fascinated with symbols. He argued that there are â€Å"archetypes† among these symbols which relate common human heritage, not just individual experiences. (Wikipedia, 2010) Thus each of us has a set of common symbols within us. Jung’s neo-analytic theory also differed suggesting that â€Å"libido† was a general psychic energy that was not sexual in nature. Jung believed that sex amounted to only one of the many things that drive humans. More importantly, humans are driven by their need to achieve individuation, wholeness or full knowledge of the self.Jung quite different in his beliefs, suggests that religion was an important place of safety for the individual as he or she began the process of individuation , exploring and excepting all parts of the self, that religion was a means of communication between all types of people, because although religions differed, the archetypes and symbols remained the same. In my opinion Jung was more mythical. Adler as opposed to Freud and Jung was in a class of his own. He believed that people were social creatures, forming goals and striving to meet them.Adler saw mental health in terms of having healthy values, which affect what goals we try to achieve. He believed that inferiority complexes affected self esteem and caused a negative effect on human health. Adler argued for holism, masculinity and femininity were crucial to understanding human psychology (Friedman, Schustack, 2009). The desire of the self was offset by social and ethical demands. Adler suggested that social realm was important to psychology as was the internal realm. That the dynamics of power and compensation extend beyond sexuality, and that gender and politics were important con siderations that go beyond libido.As you can see Adler was quite the socialist and realist and emphasized the role of empathy. One of the characteristics that I agree with is the theory that dreams play a part in psychoanalytic personality. I say this because of my own personal relationship with dreams. I believe that dreams are a part of our unconscious mind, either from repressed traumatic experiences, which can contribute to nightmares, night sweats, waking up at all hours of the night, which in turn can cause emotional instability and psychiatric disorders.In the same token, I also believe that daydreaming and pleasant dreams can be healthy to ones overall mental health. Another characteristic that I agree with is the theory that parenting and childhood development plays an even greater role in personality. I believe that from the moment you are born how you are nurtured, loved, and cared for, shapes who you will become as an adult. Childhood is the most critical time in the dev elopment stages of the one’s personality. On the other hand, one of the theories that I disagree with is Freud’s libido theory.I think that he had a dark deep obsession with sex and over emphasized it, in including it in his theory. I felt he had no basis, no proof, and no real meaning in his conclusion. The only connection to personality that I believe sex would have, is if one has been through a traumatic experience such as rape, suffer from sexual identity, a sexual addiction or other sexual crisis, otherwise I feel it has no place in personality. Freud just put way too much emphasis on sex in his theory. Another Freudian theory I disagree with is that religion is just an escape and a misleading notion.I have a strong disenchantment with this, being I am a very religious person. For the most part all nations, all creeds, all walks of life on this earth, have some sort of religious views. Religion is taught to us as children and plays a very important role in how we place our values, our morals, our principals, so to exclude religion from psychoanalytic personality is preposterous. Our religion, along with our childhood development determines who we are and who we will become. Religion is the most destructive of all weapons of mass destruction, and yet Freud looks at it so nonchalantly.More people have died in the name of religion that any other causes. I know that my religion weighs heavily on my personality. The five stages of Freud’s theory are that from age 0-2 (Oral) which is the first stage, the characteristic is the mouth: sucking, biting and swallowing, the conflict is the weaning away from the mother’s breast. This stage suggests that the willing personality is preoccupied with oral activities such as eating, smoking, biting nails or drinking. The oral aggressive personality is hostile and verbally abusive using mouth based aggression.The second stage from age 2-4 (Anal) is the defecating or retaining of feces. The confli ct is toilet training. The anal personality is stingy, and has a compulsive desire for order and tidiness. This person is generally stubborn and a perfectionist. The anal expulsive personality has a lack of self control, being generally messy and careless. The third stage from ages 4-5 (Phallic) is genitals. A boy being Oedipus and a girl Electra, which is a process through which they learn to identify with the same gender parent by acting as much like that parent as possible.Boys suffer castration anxiety by believing that the father knows that they desire their mothers, and thinking that the father will castrate him. Girls suffer from penis envy, where she is attached to her mother but then shifts her attachment once she realizes her mother lacks a penis, she then desires her father but later represses her desire for her father and incorporates the value of her mother and accepts her inferiority. The fourth stage, age’s 6-puberty (Latency) is unacceptable sexual desires tha t may flow into sports and hobbies, having the same sex friends help avoid sexual feelings.This personality is relatively calm. Sexual and aggressive behavior is less active. The fifth and last stage is the Genital stage and this personality represents maturity, intellectual and artistic creativity. This personality is well adjusted and balanced. Now after all of this, are you convinced as well as I am that Freud was way off the charts? Again I say that he put much too much emphasis on sex. Freud believed and developed a series of defense mechanisms and all of his defense mechanisms shared two common properties.One in which they often appeared unconsciously and two they tended to distort, transform, or otherwise falsify reality. One of his defense mechanisms â€Å"Intellectualization† is taking on an objective viewpoint. Suppose a husband learns that his wife has an incurable disease. He tries to learn everything he can about the disease and treatment options and by doing so represses feelings of anxiety, feelings of not being able to do anything to help his wife and any feelings of anger he may be feeling.Focusing on the facts rather than the emotional content of the situation. Freud, Jung and Adler each had their own ideas when it came to psychoanalytic personality, though they did not agree on all aspects of each other’s ideas, combined they were the founding fathers of psychoanalytic personality and are still highly regarded in the field of psychology today. Their theories combined opened doors into the vastness and complexity of the human mind. I believe in the field of psychology a little of each of their theories are being practiced today.There is a little Jung, Adler and Freud in each of us as we try and decipher the human mind and human behavior. References Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy. (2001). Sigmund Freud. Retrieved from http://www. iep. utm. edu Friedman, H. S. , & Schuustack, M. W. (2009). Personality: Classic Theories and Mo dern Research (4th ed. ). : Pearson Education, Inc.. Boeree, G. C. (1997,2006). Alfred Adler. Retrieved from http://webspace. ship. edu/cgboer/adler/html